Modern (1900-1979)

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Events

475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.; 1349 - The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, is rounded up and incinerated, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing bubonic plague.; 1431 - Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.; 1760 - Afghans defeat Marathas in Battle of Barari Ghat.; 1768 - Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London).; 1788 - Connecticut becomes the fifth state to join the United States.; 1793 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a balloon in the United States.; 1816 - Sir Humphry Davy tests the Davy lamp for Miners at Hebburn Colliery.; 1822 - The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese king João VI, starting the Brazilian independence process.; 1839 - The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.; 1857 - The Fort Tejon earthquake of California occurs, registering an estimated magnitude of 7.9.; 1858 - Anson Jones, the final President of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.; 1861 - American Civil War: The "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina. It is considered by some historians to be the "First Shots of the American Civil War."); 1861 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.; 1863 - American Civil War: the Battle of Fort Hindman occurs in Arkansas.; 1878 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy.; 1880 - The Great Gale of 1880 devastates parts of Oregon and Washington with high wind and heavy snow.; 1882 - Oscar Wilde gives his first lecture on "The English Renaissance of Art" in New York.; 1894 - New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.; 1900 - S.S. Lazio is founded in Rome, Italy.; 1903 - Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the famous poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.; 1905 - According to the Julian Calendar which was used at the time, Russian workers stage a march on the Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Czarist troops known as Bloody Sunday, setting off the Russian Revolution of 1905.; 1912 - United States Marines invade Honduras.; 1916 - The Ottoman Empire prevails in the Battle of Çanakkale, as the last British troops are evacuated.; 1917 - World War I: the Battle of Rafa occurs near the Egyptian border with Palestine.; 1923 - Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight.; 1929 - The Seeing Eye is established in Nashville, Tennessee, with the mission to train dogs for assisting the blind.; 1945 - The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.; 1951 - United Nations headquarters officially opens in New York City.; 1960 - Construction of the Aswan Dam begins in Egypt.; 1964 - Several Panamanian youths try to put up the Panamanian flag on the US-controlled Panama Canal Zone, during the fight the Panama flag is torn, setting off four days of fighting between US armed forces and civilian Panamanians around the country. This day is known as Martyrs' Day.; 1972 - RMS Queen Elizabeth is destroyed by fire in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong.; 1986 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.; 1991 - The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.; 1995 - Valeri Poliakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record.; 1997 - A Comair Embraer 120 crashes during approach into Detroit Metro Airport, killing 29 people.; 2002 - The United States Department of Justice announces it is going to pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.; 2005 - Elections are held to replace Yasser Arafat as head of the Palestine Liberation Organization. He is succeeded by Rawhi Fattouh.; 2006 - The Phantom of the Opera surpasses the record set by Cats for the title of longest running show on Broadway.; 2006 - The first The Howard Stern Show via Sirius Satellite Radio is broadcast.;

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